'Facundo Summary Essay\r'

'The evil that afflicts genus genus Argentina is its size: the colossal surrounding desert everywhere. To the south and north the wild-lurk the Indians inclined(p) to attack at any time. This insecurity of carriage-time in the Argentine character prints more or less stoic resignation to vio change death, explaining the indifference with which the giving and receiving of death. The populate disassociate of the soil butt be divide into three faces: the dense wood (north), the jungle and the pampas. The Pampa is the figure of the sea on earth, waiting to send her to produce. on that point atomic number 18 numerous navigable rivers re creation, but dislikes the in the altogethers of the Spanish navigation. Thus, the grea judge gift to a tidy sum is a dead item, untapped. The fruitful is the only river Plate. Buenos Aires is c wholly in alled to be peerless daylight the gigantic urban center of the the Statess. She all is in contact with Europe and exploits the adva ntages of foreign trade.\r\nThis monopolistic position of Buenos Aires that although locomote does indeed had cute to descend the federal officialism would give way been impossible, and would have ended up with the dust that holds today: the alone. (â€Å"We, however, wanted the unity of cultivatedization and freedom, and the unit has depictn us into speech and slavery.”) As America is called to be a federation for its wide motion picture to the Atlantic, Argentina is set to be unity. The city is the concern of civilization Argentina Spanish, European, but the desert nearby.Man urban center live a civilized flavour. In the city be the laws, ideas, progress, education, regular govern workforcet. The countryside and the city re take two separate companies, two mountain strangers to each different. The military universe’s political lead to the city hates and hates the educated man. Argentina sh bes many features with the Asian plains of the Tigris a nd Euphrates, and the lives of his work force argon very much similar (Arabs and gauchos). Field:\r\nArgentina dominated the campaign of stern enduringness, the authority without limits and responsibilities of charge. This is seen in the executions of the foreman, that do non support claim legitimate authority considered that it has killed. The citizenry of the expanse consists of two races: Spanish and Indian (except in Buenos Aires, the minatory, leaning toward civilization and endowed with talent, is extinct). These races atomic number 18 cognize for their love of idleness and industrial disability. The Ameri rout out races, the Indians are unable to work hard, and the Spanish race assigns the equivalent trend. In the campaign the company disappears completely, only the family remains feudal isolation. Thus, any form of govern man index fingert becomes impossible, no municipality, scope and execution of judicial state ferocity monopolized. The population is scattered . No public response. Civilization is entirely unworkable and barbarism is normal.\r\nProgress is stifled, because in that respect brush aside be no progress without permanent self-control of the ground, not the city that unfolds is the man’s industrial capacity and allows you to extend your purchases. In the field of holiness is distorted. What happens with religion than with the Spanish language is corrupted. It is a ingrained religion. The Gauchos are Spanish only by the whodunittic language and religious notions they possess. Home occupations, cottage industries, are exercised by the woman, she weighs nearly all the work. Education country man: children exercise their sop ups and are trained for amusement in handling the bow and the balls and are riders. With puberty and adolescence are the complete independence and unemployment.\r\nFrom childhood are used to kill cattle, which familiarizes them with breedshed. The long one dollar bill is an integral part of A rgentine fields. Thus, children are gradually acquiring the characteristics of their ancestors: the attire of succeeding in the resistance, to challenge and overcome character. This promotes a sense of individual importance and superiority in the field man. All Argentineans are aware of their charge as a nation, have some vanity. In conclusion, rural life has unfolded in the gaucho faculty, without stimulating the intellect.His moral character is supported by the habit of enjoyment over obstacles and reputation.Strong, proud, energetic, has no instruction. He is happy in their poverty, because that’s all he knows. The gaucho is not working, forage and clothing it is congeald at collection plate, the one and the other was provided by their cattle.\r\nChapter II:\r\nArgentine originality and character. The crawler. The trail guide. The gaucho malo. The cantor.\r\nThe inelegant life is also his poetic side. For example, in the immenseness Echeverría, in the wild, fou nd in the solemn nature of the inspirations for his works, which were and then greeted with approval in Europe. The Argentine people are by nature a poet and musician. In the middle are the storm, the omnipresent death, the endless pampas. The gaucho is in this sense, their popular poetry, naive and sloppy. Trivia: when Echeverria resided in the campaign, the gauchos nigh him with respect. Although it was for them a â€Å"pack”, respected him because he was a poet. The farming village has its own tidingsgs, including: the sad (the North) and vidalita (sung issues of the day and war songs). The guitar is the instrument par excellence.\r\nEspecially notable in the campaign:\r\nThe crawler, knows to conjoin the tracks of animals and men. It is a stern character, awareness of knowledge-a science that has popular home and gives him a certain dignity, quiet and mysterious. You can, by all accounts, follow tracks produced long ago. The trail guide, knows every inch of thousand s of self-colored miles of plains, forests and mountains. It is oriented based on the signs of nature. It is a surveyor. The use that the globals are, the fate of the army depends on it. It also announces the proximity of the enemy. Know the geographic distances and bantamer. They say that General Rosas recognise by the taste of grass every get on in the south of Buenos Aires. The bad gaucho: an outlaw is a misanthrope. Justice pursues, in the settlements name is pronounced with respect. conduct laconic in rural, isolated rules of regularise that feeds on the hunt. It is a divorced man in order, outlawed by legislation, a savage white. Poets sing of their exploits more or less. However, the gaucho is not a bad villain, not a criminal. Their profession, their science is to slip ones mind sawhorses. It has some honor, and credit his word. The singer: Same grace, sing of the center of attention Ages.\r\nIt moves in the midst of the struggles of cities and the feudal ism of the fields. The singer goes to harvest-home in re scrap, singing of the heroes of the pampas fugitives from judge, while mixing the flooring of his own exploits (often it is also being pursued by law). His poetry is dull, irregular, to a greater extent sentimental narrative is make exuberant with images of rural life. The singer does the same job of chronic, customs, history, biography, the bard of the Middle Ages. In Argentina are at the same time two different civilizations on the same ground, without consciousness of each other: that mimics a nascent naive and popular efforts in the Middle Ages, and the other try to make the close results European civilization. In Argentina, XII and XIX century dungeon together: the first campaign, the second in the cities.\r\n terminus: reading this book the reader go forth cause the characters typed above, and will reflect the country’s plaza in the countryside, its customs and its organic law. The bad gaucho Facundo. The singer: La Madrid. The trail guide: Artigas. Foreman carts, â€Å"The Herdsman” (warrior in the service of warlords).\r\nChapter one-third:\r\nAssociation. The store.\r\nHere Sarmiento takes the first chapter and adds the spare-time activity: In the field need to create a shell company to remedy the normal dissociation. In the shop give and receive news, there envision the parishioners of the surroundings, are armed horse racing, is the cantor. They are gambol and liquor. There fraternize. This accidental association of every day, on repeat, form a partnership, a public manufacture without object, without affable interest, probe begins to lie the roots of reputations. The gaucho repute above all physical forces, the skill of horsemanship, and value. It is dedicated, for example, horse riding games. The gaucho lingua goes armed, inherited from the Spanish. This is an instrument that serves for all occupations, can not live without it. Play the stabbing, he drew th e knife and make your opponent hits him in the face, without killing him. The row is locked by reputation. He has no intention, in principle, to kill. Killing is a â€Å"disgrace.” Juan Manuel Rosas had made his home a diverseness of asylum for homicides (political paternalism).\r\nIn this society, then the enculturation of the eye is impossible, there is no public good. The gaucho becomes criminal or leader, according to the direction things take. regimen of the campaign to crack down on remorseless judges are needed counterbalance more heartless. These authorities (remember the foremen) are ideas in the people astir(predicate) the index of authority, which subsequent leads to its effects. The judge is obeyed by his alarming reputation for boldness, his justification is â€Å"so I’m in charge.” The field commander has more power than the judge and his features are even more terrible. To direct makes use of the men who inspire business, and this is the dealings of fainthearted governances. When Rose took over the city, wiped out all the commanders who had divine serviceed him to ascend, so that disputes the place of power that began to fill. These details given so far about life in the Argentine countryside, with its order, its distinctive partnership approach, have to explain social phenomena and the Argentine novelty that erupted in 1810.\r\nPrevious chapters are often taken in high school. To these mustiness be added: a) Chapter I of the Second part (or chapter 5) on children Quiroga b) the ninth or 13 (Barranca Yaco).See below.\r\nChapter IV:\r\n renewing of 1810.\r\nIn all the nations of Latin character, object and design of mutations for independence were the same, and born of the same breast: the course of European ideas. in the first place the revolution in our country, there were books, ideas, law, education, was a base of organization, backward, feudal, monarchical, yes, but it existed. In the outlandish c ampaign, freedom, responsibility of power, developments involving the radical movement was alien to their lifestyle. The revolution was useful to the field, both involved a new meeting place higher. Thus, the pastoral joined the excitement and revolutionary impulse. When people come into revolution, two competing interests chip in principle, conservative and revolutionary, ie, realistic and patriotic. When a companionship wins, it is sub carve up into moderate revolutionaries and visionaries. and then the defeated party was organise and succeeded by subdividing their rivals. When a revolution, one of the forces allied with the revolutionary cause, it follows immediately, forming a third entity, and indifferent to each other, this force is removed is heterogeneous. This was the movement led by Artigas.\r\nThe force holding Artigas in Gauteng is the holding current to the leaders in their provinces and that kept Facundo in the Llanos. Individualism is its essence, the horse his g un and his theater pampa. The montonera appears Artigas, and is parallel with the African hordes, presents a character of ferocity and spirit brutal terrorist. This is what Rose has become a system of laws applied to a cultured society. Rosas has not invented anything, his talent is plagiarizing their predecessors and make the brutal instincts of the ignorant masses, a coolly thoughtful and coordinated. The bear with the sad sack knife is an instinct that takes Rosas death to give the Gauchos forms, and to change the legal forms of other learned societies, which he calls America. The guerrilla band is a unique kind of war, which has its antecedent in the Asian peoples, and only in our country can be explained by examining the organization of society where applicable. Artigas was a trail guide, a leader of masses on horseback, an enemy of civil society and the city, still playing in the figure of Argentine leaders. The war of the revolution in Argentina has been threefold:\r\n1: war of the cities, launched in European culture against the Spanish in order to give greater extension to that culture (patriots influenced by the ideas of independence versus European Spanish royalists). 2: War of the leaders from the cities to send off the civil subject and fight against civilization. (The War of the savages of the campaign led by the warlords and Roses embodied in European culture versus existing cities) First, the triumph over the Spanish cities (the monarchy), but secondly, the campaign is due to the cities. Here is explained the enigma of the revolution in Argentina. With the victory of the leaders of the campaign, all civil manner disappeared in the field and is on track to disappear into the cities. â€Å"… It is finally the central authorities, unitary, imperative landowner Juan Manuel de Rosas, who digs into the cultured Buenos Aires gaucho’s knife and bankrupt the work of centuries, civilization, laws and liberty.” (Excerpt from th e end of Chapter III illustrates this idea).\r\n except Buenos Aires is so powerful elements of European civilization that will eventually educate Rosas, and contain their bloodthirsty and noncivilized instincts. In fact, some of their wild characteristics and have been discuss over time. There are four cities that have already been wiped out by the domains of warlords and Roses: Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, San Luis and La Rioja. All of them had in 1810 with a great scotch prosperity, intellectual and cultural life. Produced eminent men, the lights were widespread. However, the process of barbarism has acted on them to bring them to ruin religious, educational, intellectual, economic and cultural. Sarmiento checks this do through an â€Å"interview” that holds a canon of La Rioja. San Juan (province Sarmiento) is dubiousnessed for destruction: the educational level is very low-down there, opposed to the high level it enjoyed before this process. proof: ignorance and poverty expect the inner cities to give the last gasp devour their prey, to make field stay. Buenos Aires can be saved for European civilization is so strong there that the brutalities of the organization can not be against it. â€Å"Why fight? We fight to re term of enlistment to the cities their own life. â€Å"\r\nPart II.\r\nChapter I (or Chapter 5 run number)\r\nChildren and youth of Juan Facundo Quiroga.\r\nThe chapter begins with this anecdote:\r\nBetween the cities of San Luis and San Juan there is a desert called â€Å"journey.”Facundo, forced St. Louis to escape the knife justice issues, was the need to go through it alone. At that time, a man-eater (cannibal) walked hanging around the crossing. While crossing, Facundo comprehend the roar of the tiger. He climbed up, then a small locust tree.The tiger tracked the gaucho there and began trying to hunt him. He stayed for two hours staring at his prey, his eyes reddened by the blood lust. The gaucho was sounding reeling from the glass, fascinated by the look of the animal. His friends managed to get tracks without confide in time and captured the tiger, who then killed him Facundo. â€Å"Then I knew what I was afraid,” give tongue to Facundo on this story. He called him â€Å"El Tigre de los Llanos.” Phrenology has demonstrated the relationship between the display of men and animals who are similar in character.\r\nFacundo Description: It was of short stature and stocky. In broad shoulders and short neck. His head was well formed, very thick hair fall into place, black and curly. His face was buried in a forest of hair, had a curly black beard that went up cheekbones sharp enough to discover a stubborn and tough. His eyes caused terror were black, full of onset and was shaded by thick eyebrows.Facundo neer looked head always bandy-legged his head and looked out between the eyebrows, to be feared. His skin colour was pale brown. The structure of the head revealed, unde r this cover jungle, the organization of men born to command. However, as he was born in a given society these characters had to manifest itself in a bloody, terrible and wicked.\r\nFacundo was the son of a lowly San Juan, but had made some money with grazing. He went to school where he learned to read and write. In school he was arrogant, aloof and alone, just mingling with colleagues to lead acts of rebellion and to ticktack them. In the fables of childhood is the germ of the characteristic features of historical character. The memory of the people is full of stories of Quiroga. ‘I slapped his instructor because he hit him with a stick and ran to felled seam in a vineyard where he fagged three days. This will be the leader who later challenge to the whole society. At puberty, kills his first dupe: Jorge Peña. The first drop of blood stream that attach its path. †Worked as a squat in Mendoza for a woman. Exerted influence over other pawns and interceded on thei r behalf with the patron. indeed pawns called him â€Å"Father” (political paternalism).\r\nAt the end of one yr called for his salary-sixty pesos, immediately went to a grocery store and vie them all on one card, he lost. go forth there, a judge ordered his book conchavo and left hand lying in a stabbing. Adult life spent hiding, hunted, playing, working as a laborer and distributing stabbing. -Travel to Buenos Aires and in 1810 he enlisted as a write in code in the militia of Ocampo.Then in the regiment of attach grenadiers. However, military life involves discipline, order, and he was called to command, a rebel, I wanted to be created only in defiance of civilized society, a career combining heroism and crime, government, and disorganization. Defects and returns to the provinces, on the road kills a game. †Facundo returns to her parents. Like his fetch does not want to lend money, he sets fire to the roof. Father denounces this act and slaps him. But a divis ion later make peace. Solve-enroll in the montonera Ramirez, scion of Artigas.\r\nThe governor of St. Louis makes it turn and sends him to jail. There were Spanish prisoners who had been defeated in Chile. These evolve up and open the door to the plebeian prisoners to help them in flight. Facundo there escapes killing many men with a male crickets. He claims to have killed cardinal people. -Later, Facundo slosh the uprising succeeds and reconciled society. Facundo is the man of nature who has not learned to curb their passions is the nature of military personnel in the pastoral countryside of Argentina. Facundo is primitive barbarism. In their actions show the man-beast, acts to produce terror in their environment. Gained prestige among the common people at the expense of patriotism and idol latria meet with terror, using his cunning and credulity of the vulgar. several(prenominal) thought even that he had supernatural powers. What I had was a certain superiority and knowled ge of piece nature and value of those means. The men close to Facundo said he had a strong dislike fitting men who wanted to frighten rather than inform fear alone, he did understand the henchmen who was seer, who treated the men with whom he was connected as slaves, never had confessed, prayed and hear mass.\r\nChapter II.\r\nLa Rioja. The field commander.\r\nLa Rioja is a city lonely, suburbs and withered. Los Llanos is a mountainous area, ravine, an oasis of green paste. The appearance of the province is desolate, the scorching weather, the dry land. La Rioja can be compared to Palestine in its geography and the patricentric aspect of the peasantry. For example, the pawn must protect the life of his employer. Farmers living primitively inhuman preserving its purity and ill to the cities. As in the Middle Ages, the city of La Rioja there is the struggle of two powerful families, dire: the Ocampo and Davila. After the success of San Luis, Facundo prestigious and recommended by the government occurs in the plains. Los Ocampo, who were in government, give the title field commander and sergeant major of the militia. Facundo, representing the pastoral element, barbarian, the third entity headed by Artigas, presented in La Rioja, called by one party in the city. Quiroga is a Trojan horse inside the city. While it’s field commander in Los Llanos, an uprising in San Juan, makes the northern provinces to quell worry. Facundo part of it and ignoring the strict orders he had, the focus travel on subversive and overcome them.\r\nThus, Quiroga shows no orders from anyone pass judgment and announced its decision to pull down the government. Quiroga takes La Rioja, overthrowing the city. The leaves by Davila. However, it tries to conspire against him and capture him. Facundo defeat attempts and butchers Araya, the chief who should seize him. The government, then, for the murder of intimate Araya. Quiroga unconquerable to turn the civil war between the ci ty and the plains, between him and the government. Send a group to the Board of Representatives to take on its mission: to declare deposed Davila. The other provinces decide to interpose to prevent the confrontation between the government and Facundo. Corvalan (the order of Roses, which appears in Amalia) is the mediator. Talk first with Facundo, who claims to accept peace. Then with Davila who abandons weapons. At that time, easily beating Quiroga government attacks.\r\nBefore killing him Davila, it opens a wound that Facundo, as a good gaucho, always hidden. After the defeat and murder of Davila, Facundo sends condolences to the widow pays tribute to the dead, showing some nobility. As Quiroga has never been in charge of organized government, name as governor of a vulgar Spanish. Thus, Facundo seizes his country, the government traditions disappear, the forms are degraded, since the relief, unemployment and neglect are the supreme set ​​of the gaucho. Enrichment Quiroga: Half the cattle in the province belonged to him. His telephone circuit was to supply the meat market, a monopoly, as no one dared to compete with him. In a melody with foreign merchants, Facundo occurs in the home of a male monarch of Buenos Aires with silk stockings, breeches mattress fabric and a poncho ruin. He wanted to humiliate the learned men and show their disdain for foreign men. None dared to laugh at this time. Facundo’s passion for the game embraced his public life. Took advantage of his power and fearlessness to take advantage. He played with unfathomable funds. This destruction of civil order that Facundo achieved in La Rioja resulted in the migration of people to San Juan, the Plains are now deserts.\r\nChapter III:\r\nSociability. Córdoba. Buenos Aires (1825).\r\nFacundo La Rioja has absolute master. Since there are no lyrics, no opinions, and as no opinions, La Rioja is a war machine. State of the country’s major cities:\r\nCordoba is one of the most beautiful cities on the continent. Until 1829, the spirit of Cordoba is monastic and ecclesiastical. While the old University of Cordoba has a high level, is almost entirely circumscribed to theology. The spirit of Cordoba was by this time the Middle Ages. Cordoba has been the asylum of the Spanish, so the revolutionary ideas of 1810 were little basis in this province. in short, is a Spanish city by literary and religious education, stationary and hostile to innovation. Buenos Aires: the city is believed a continuation of Europe, its spirit and tendencies.Buenos Aires is a city full of revolutionaries. In just ten years is through with(p) here and europificación desespañolización. Buenos Aires is all new, all revolution and movement.Rivadavia, located in the government, brings Europe. Thus, the European influence on Buenos Aires motorized progress and builds the most crucial institutions of the state.\r\nRivadavia never shed blood, or destroyed property. R oses, however, is a butcher and has consumed the national treasury to support the war that he has on. A Rivadavia fits represented the glory of European civilization. Rivadavia and Rosas are the two extremes of Argentina, which binds to the wild on the pampas and Europe by the Rio de la Plata. Cordoba and Buenos Aires are the two prominent phases of the parties that divided the cities. They represent two parties: conservative and progressive. While nutrition on Spain Cordoba, Buenos Aires makes it the most progressive ideas of Europe (Rousseau, Montesquieu). These parties reason by federal and unitary called. But Argentina is geographically so constituted, that is to be united forever, even if the label of the bottle says otherwise.\r\nThe Federal party of the cities was a link that linked the party barbarian campaigns. That barbaric force was scattered passim the republic, divided into provinces. A strong hand was needed to melt it and present it as a single whole. Quiroga was th e one who lent his hand. Characteristics of the unit: the unit type worship the governing body and individual rights. Its religion is coming from the Republic. It follows from one propagation reasoning, deductive, enterprising. It has fine manners, gestures, cults, dresses European.\r\nChapter IV.\r\nTrials. Actions Tala and Rincon.\r\nIn 1825, the Buenos Aires government invited the provinces to meet at a conference to shape a general government. Facundo received this invitation with enthusiasm (something positive Facundo). The first test facundo outside the terms of the province is the action of Tala. In it, his hordes are fighting with the army of General La Madrid. La Madrid was a great man of courage, many stories about his enormous courage around him. It was a kind of poet and harangued his troops with war songs. It is the singer of the first part (chapter II). La Madrid, eager to prepare troops for the war against Brazil overthrows the Tucumán authorities. Facundo decide d to invade Tucumán by order of giving medication of Buenos Aires. The winner goes bad gaucho of combat and the Tala flies a glad: a black cloth with a skull and crossbones, the symbol of this spirit of strength pastor, Arabic, Tatar, which will destroy cities and their progress. The flag is red, red, just like you have the federal currency Rosas. The red color on the flag is opposed to Argentina and also to progress. The red is regular of the flags of the Wild: Asian, African and is the color of the chiefs, dictators, absolutism, the executioner of Artigas.\r\nThis is seen throughout history in many cases. Color is a proscribed by Christian and civilized societies, whose flags squall justice and peace, while the red screams violence, blood and barbarity. It is important to analyze this point because every civilization is convey in suits and each suit shows a whole system of ideas. The motto appears red roses in 1820 by order of the tyrant, and since then, who does not carry the red show stifles it, regardless if it is a great man, a miss or a child of a wet family. This imposes on terror, thanks to the inability to differentiate themselves and the government. This fear that governments control us barbarians is rooted in our blood is Spanish heritage, and they have suffered for centuries the power of the Inquisition. And overcome Madrid, Facundo opposes the government of Rivadavia. Facundo was not federal, was the field commander, the enemy of bad gaucho civil justice, of order, decent man, sage, coat, of the city. Its mission is to destroy all this, and that is why we oppose the government of Rivadavia. The government proposes to freedom of worship to attract European immigration and labor. Then, in Córdoba stands an inquisition.\r\n'